Obligated parties can meet their renewable volume obligations RVOs by either selling required biofuels volumes or purchasing RINs from parties that exceed their requirements. Failure to meet requirements results in a significant fine. SAF is the preferred, now commonly used term for non-petroleum synthesized jet fuel components produced to the definitions in ASTM D These fuels were previously referred to as renewable jet fuel, alternative jet fuel, renewable aviation fuel, alternative aviation fuel, aviation biofuel, biojet fuel, or sustainable alternative jet fuel.
One domestic SAF production facility operates in Los Angeles and several are under construction or planned. All of the neat SAF volumes have to be blended with conventional aviation turbine fuel before they can be certified as ASTM D equivalent and subsequently used in an aircraft.
The six approved pathways found in the D Annexes are:. Renewable gasoline —Also known as biogasoline or "green" gasoline, renewable gasoline is a biomass-derived transportation fuel suitable for use in spark-ignition engines. Renewable hydrocarbon biofuels can be produced from various biomass sources. These include lipids such as vegetable oils, animal fats, greases, and algae and cellulosic material such as crop residues, woody biomass, and dedicated energy crops.
Currently, the United States has limited commercial-scale production of renewable hydrocarbon biofuels. Sugarcane-based ethanol has been the major automobile fuel in Brazil for over three decades due to the abundant and renewable production of cane sugar.
Starch based ethanol, also known as a first generation biofuel, has been accepted as a commodity in the fuel market, which supplies fuel to almost all of the E10, E15 and E85 vehicles currently on US roads. However, using corn starch for ethanol could potentially compete with food, feed and fiber resources.
Click the image for a larger version. For a fuel to qualify as a renewable fuel under the RFS program, EPA must determine that the fuel qualifies under the statute and regulations. Among other requirements, fuels must achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas GHG emissions as compared to a petroleum baseline.
Advanced pathways already approved include ethanol made from sugarcane; jet fuel made from camelina; cellulosic ethanol made from corn stover; compressed natural gas from municipal wastewater treatment facility digesters; and others. EPA continues to review and approve new pathways, including for fuels made with advanced technologies or with new feedstocks. These drop-in biofuels directly replace petroleum-based fuels and hold particular promise for the future.
Learn more about fuel pathway under the RFS program. Obligated parties under the RFS program are refiners or importers of gasoline or diesel fuel.
0コメント